The 2012 Formula One season is just a few weeks from kicking off and all this year's cars have been revealed at this point, but one thing has been bothering me: Why are they so ugly? With the exception of Mercedes McLaren, the latest crop of normally sleek racers are sporting a jarring bump right in the middle the nose. For vehicles that are the aerodynamic equivalent of airplanes for the ground, it seems like a problem. So what's driving this crooked nose? A rules change, naturally, and one aimed at improving safety.?
F1 is a sport of trends. One chassis builder will figure out a trick and start winning, then the others will follow and improve upon it. The trend as of late has been higher and higher noses that are flat underneath and curved towards the pavement. It seems like this would create lift, but the rushing air slams into a flat plate extending forward of the bottom of the body and through other ducting. This creates downforce. A higher nose means more air being scooped up, producing even more downforce.
As the noses got higher, they exceeded the minimum height of the driver's open cockpit?putting the driver at significant danger should a side impact occur. To address this, the rules were changed to place a maximum height on the nosecone ahead of the front bulkhead (essentially ahead of the wheels) at 55 cm. The area behind the bulkhead maintains the same 62.5 cm height restriction, so to same time, money, and previous aerodynamic developments, the teams are leaving that section alone. Thus, the 2012 lumpy nose comes from a battle between aerodynamics and new rules.
NEW YORK (AP) ? Charlie Sheen will be stirring up a new round of laughs when "Anger Management" arrives June 28.
FX on Tuesday set the premiere date for Sheen's new sitcom, which returns him to weekly TV after his noisy exit last season from the CBS hit "Two and a Half Men." Announced last summer, "Anger Management" is loosely based on the 2003 movie about a non-traditional therapist.
Fox says two episodes will air June 28. It has ordered 10 episodes for the first season.
Scheduled the same night are the second-season premiere of the comedy "Wilfred," starring Elijah Wood and Jason Gann, and the third-season premiere of "Louie," starring Louis C.K.
Rounding out the night is the premiere of "Strangely Uplifting," a new comedy starring Russell Brand.
Want to set up a wood ground to further improve the value of your respective property but don?t have the money to really make it come about? Take into consideration making use of the equity in your house to acquire a house improvement financial loan. House improvement cash loans online is actually a nice way to obtain a tax deduction, set up the wood ground of your respective goals, and improve the value of your respective property suddenly.
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[unable to retrieve full-text content]Reuters - The Big Four global audit firms, which dominate the Chinese market, are negotiating with Beijing to lessen the impact of forced changes that could mean only accountants with Chinese qualifications can be partners in their audit practices.
In 2008, The California Endowment came to Crescent City with its Building Healthy Communities Initiative. ?One of the primary reasons we were chosen was a severe lack of food security and sovereignty, coupled with some of the worst health statistics in the state. ?We were a sick community, and our lack of a healthy food system seemed to only be making things worse. ?With the introduction of The California Endowment's generous grants and support, members of our community were given unprecedented resources to organize and enact some amazing work around food, and I'm continuously grateful to TCE for making it possible.
And with all the work that is possible because of TCE's interest in our community, there have been ancillary benefits to our community that go beyond all the great work that we see and do every day and are not as immediately apparent. ?When the work of BHC was initiated, it was necessary to identify and engage a number of young people to help enact all the work that had been planned and would continuously be carried out over the next ten years. ?All of a sudden there was a surprising number of young adults in our community doing positive work, both from within the community and from outside. ?Some were Americorps VISTAs from all over the country, some were homegrown Del Norters who were empowered to take an active role in the improvement of their community, maybe for the first time ever. ?TCE helped bring people together, and helped steer our collective consciousness and conversation toward healthy food, creativity, and community action.
Before this influx, it may have been difficult for a group of friends to enact an idea about a club focused around fermentation. ?And a club focused around fermentation that doesn't?emphasize drinking alcohol, but instead seeks to emphasize the health benefits of fermentation, culturally, physically, and spiritually?? ?Let's just say that club may never have gotten legs. ?However, as it is, that's exactly what happened. ?Only two months ago, I was eating some fresh-caught local crab with two good friends, Tasha Sparks and Aaron Valley, when the conversation quickly turned toward the homemade mead we were drinking. ?We were intrigued by a story about where the term "honeymoon" came from and how fermented beverages have played a role in cultural histories. ?In our own histories, we all had some connection to fermentation. ?I have been brewing beer since high school in small batches; Tasha worked in an educational kitchen in Berkeley where she learned how to make fermented foods; Aaron started brewing years earlier and became and avid and productive home-brewer in college. ?We all had experience and appreciated the way fermented foods and beverages bring people together, and fermentation is an almost endless source of new knowledge when it comes to learning about the process. ?Why not take advantage of this demographic shift toward impassioned 20-somethings and get people together to expand our collective knowledge and production of fermented goods? ?Next thing we knew, we had the idea to create a club.
After the initial inception of the idea for a club, we spread the word to our friends and people we thought might be interested. ?It started with a Facebook group which quickly swelled to about 15 members who joined just on the strength of the idea, and possible interest in belonging to a group that would be making its own beer. ?But from the get-go, alcohol was not the focus of the group, and in talking to more and more people about the idea, conversations became more about the potential for a group like this to experiment and create foods together, foods that might not be readily available in a place like Del Norte. ?I can't speak for the other founding members, but at those early stages I wondered how far this idea would really go, and whether it would really keep people's interest consistently enough to produce some great food and drink.
I have yet to be anything but impressed by the pure enthusiasm and support the club has gotten. ?We had our first meeting in mid-January, fairly well-attended by about 15 people, and everyone embraced the idea and was eager to propose ideas for projects and sign up to carry those projects out. ?At that first meeting, we created a sort of loose structure around how the club would be organized and continue: ?We would have monthly meetings on the full moon where we would get together in the evening to talk about fermentation, share things we've learned, suggest ideas for projects, talk about methods for fermentation we've used in the past; these would be our "theory" meetings. ?And at our theory meetings would be the time to propose new projects, and between full moon meetings, the club would break up into smaller groups to carry out those projects and create food and drink; those would be the "practice." Each project would have a project leader who would be responsible for organizing interested club members, finding a location, procuring ingredients, and making sure the project was recorded and reported on the group's website. ?Whatever was created would be brought to the next full moon meeting to be shared and consumed with the group, if it was ready.
The club hit the ground running with projects. ?Since that first meeting, we have made 2 homebrewed beers, beet kvass, sourdough, kimchi, ginger champagne, apple cider vinegar, root beer, kefir, and sauerkraut. What's more impressive than the number of goods we've created is the support we've generated. ?It seems like 80% of my non-work conversations are about Ferment Del Norte (and maybe 5% of the time it comes up at work). ?It has generated a fantastic article in The Triplicate, 40 members on the Facebook group, and over 1,000 views on our website (fermentdelnorte.com). ?And it has also generated interest among the people in our community who specifically work in food production and policy. ?The club counts among its members four local organic farmers and two members of our Community Food Council. ?As I mentioned, TCE helped make healthy foods a topic in our county-wide conversation amongst all demographics, and Ferment Del Norte is providing a venue ?for the conversation to continue in a social setting; both are helping instigate positive, creative action.
New Health And Fitness.Org - Health Information You Can Use
You might not realize this but there?s actually a method to train yourself to go to sleep. The reality is that retraining your brain to make you go to sleep is now something that is very possible with a new program that is guaranteed. A few of you may actually be a little pessimistic about trying something new as you?ve tried so many things in the past. The reality is that this program has actually been proven by 9 out of 10 insomnia sufferers that it works better than sleeping pills. It is going to put you back in control of your own sleep, which has no unwanted side effects, no lifestyle changes and no CDs with relaxation or even hypnosis.
This program is in fact so effective that you will find that falling asleep anywhere, and in addition instantly is something you?ll have the ability to do. The way this program works is very simple, you simply training your brain to relax rather than considering everything. Many people use various kinds of sleep aids to get to sleep but you will find this program will enable you to stop taking them. All you need to do is pay attention to an audio track that they provide and you?ll be able to fall asleep whenever you want. Should you have two or more nights each and every week where you do not get a restful sleep you should understand that this is affecting your mood. One or two nights without having sleep won?t affect you too much, but once it starts being that way each and every week, your life will begin to be affected. It?s going to then snow-ball until you are going through life like a zombie.
Plenty of men and women have found that using hypnosis or medication in order to deal with their insomnia is something which they either don?t like or is just ineffective. It is a wise idea to alter your diet and lifestyle in order to become healthier, but it doesn?t necessarily help with your sleep. You are also going to see that a lot of people attempt to use natural herbs in an attempt to deal with their insomnia however this is also not effective for loads of individuals. This could all change for you if you are ready to try training your brain through the training in the Insomnia Exercise Program. It?s a program developed by Christian Goodman who had previously been an insomnia sufferer for years.
Christian research?s natural health treatments, and for this reason he tried a number of different all natural cures but absolutely nothing seemed to work for him. It got to the point where Christian could not remedy his insomnia but could find a number of ways to help other people with various medical conditions. This was until he discovered the key to insomnia, where all you have to do is switch off your mind. The way he found to do this was something which he actually figured out by accident when he was on a camping trip, and he took this information and produced this program.
You can get this system, known as the insomnia Exercise Program and figure out how to fall asleep with ease. A lot of people actually like the point that they will no longer have to take any type of medication in order to get to sleep like they have done so very often in past times. Once you learn to do this, the program will work for you anywhere.
Rob Stucky is a well-known author, He used to write the articles and blogs on different topics like health, nutrition, supplements,diet, exercise etc . Checkout his article on wealthmasters leaders and My Lead System Pro success
There's nothing like getting up close and personal, and that holds true for photography, even iPhoneography. Life is full of small, interesting things -- a flower, an insect, your newborn's tiny toes -- and these things make for great photography. This week's iPhone photography project is, you guessed it -- macro! Macro simply means close-up photography -- not zoomed, but the lens being physically close to the subject. The keys to good macro photography, even on an iPhone, are becoming familiar with the focus distance of your lens and nailing that focus, light, composition, and making your subject stand out.
[unable to retrieve full-text content]AP - A military jury on Friday found a Marine not guilty of hazing a fellow Hawaii-based lance corporal who killed himself in Afghanistan.
One of the very important jewellery for wedding would be the wedding ring. It will be believed that the foremost followed tradition through western countries connected with gifting pearl jewellery were only available in India many decades back, when a father dived within the sea bed in Gulf of Mannar not to mention collected pearls designed for his daughter. Generally, for wedding slip on, Maangtika having an important decorative centerpiece is usually favored, having a handmade jewellery rather long string. It had been known as Intercourse inside your Metropolis. There you can get out total variety of pious jewellery through aggressive price.
Once that you?re done with array of Necklace, look out meant for matching earrings plus Hair accessories. If you choose a Cinderella design ball gown custom made wedding dress that is featured with sparkling uric acid or one which has a busy lace structure, it would be a good idea to go for simple, contemporary accessories. Otherwise the attire belonging to the groom is alone studded with diamond jewelry, made to make him resemble a king expecting his queen. Whether you prefer your necklace to help drape over ones own bridal gown, or just kiss the the top neckline, find a fit which is perfect. As stated earlier, everything should run into as a balanced package. To the perfectionist bride who wishes going the extra kilometer, ensure that the conclusion of your wedding dress and jewellry will be the same to provide the perfect go with.
Bridal Necklaces that brides determines reflect her personality. Individuals colors are chosen which match along with combination of the suit with the bride. You may choose from various types like small heels, mid heels, high heels, boots, slippers depending on upon gown that you may be wearing. Wedding ceremony necklaces can vary from sparkly crystal rings and sparkly bridal jewellery manufactured with Austrian Swarovski uric acid to prestigious pearl necklaces that can come in many distinctive shapes and versions. Select the best option one which may well match with whatever you decide to have on, irregardless if this can be a wedding ceremony and / or another event. You will save a small fortune used for some various purpose.
I would want to give my bridesmaids pearls in order to wear on my big event but I would really like something a bit dissimilar to the traditional whitened or ivory Globule Bridal Jewellery. It?s nope essential to invest unreasonable costs currently, the diamonds through the old world market are unlike what?s obtainable using e-commerce currently. Style together with fashion both have obtained a filtration of the greatest available in a Indian traditions together with brought forth uniqueness that is the harmonious blend involving modern and classic. Because weddings will ordinarily have the bride in a very sari, there are at the same time multiple jewelleries together with accessories that go with this brand of clothing.
Accessories makes or break your lifestyle so it is very important get it wonderful. Your gloves lend in which elusive elegance to your entire attire. The ideal Bridal Lingerie Trend Cosmetics, Relationships Wedding nighty is symbolic around the marriage ceremony nighttime hours and brides are sometimes offered bits plus pieces at their particular bridal shower or simply party. Why not necessarily also combine an individual?s vintage find because your ?something old?. There are several alternatives to opt for since www.miquella.com/ one could wear diamond, gold or silver precious metal jewellery. Get extra careful if the jewellery has gems or pearls, Swarovski crystals not to mention pearls are high-quality in these the liquid cleaners but proper pearls, opals and similar stones will be porous so shouldn?t be immersed in dissolved.
Aquamarine may be the birthstone for 03, which is outstanding of happiness, harmony, innocence and youthfulness. You may well get your bridal tiaras personalized / handmade if you have had your own model. Before Pacific jewellery was made connected with bone, wooden, and other healthy materials, and thus has not yet made it. Immense skill is necessary to perfect the skill of Jadau jewellery making. Your sweetheart must accessorize your girlfriend look with Jewellery which sometimes let her convey her individualism blended with charisma.
[unable to retrieve full-text content]AP - Greek lawmakers are debating emergency legislation to approve a massive bond swap that would shave euro107 billion ($142 billion) off the country's privately held debt.
BERLIN (AP) ? Chancellor Angela Merkel apologized Thursday to the relatives of 10 people, mostly immigrants, believed to have been killed by a neo-Nazi group that eluded German authorities' detection for more than a decade.
The National Socialist Underground group ? its name a clear reference to the Nazis' full name, the National Socialists ? is suspected of killing eight people of Turkish origin and a Greek man between 2000 and 2006, as well as a policewoman in 2007.
The string of killings of small businessmen, including a florist, a tailor and fast-food stall owners ? long known as the "kebab murders" ? went unsolved for years, with authorities suspecting organized crime rather than politically motivated violence.
"The murders ... are a disgrace for our country," Merkel said during a memorial event at a Berlin concert house, attended by most of Germany's top officials and relatives of the victims. She pledged to do everything possible to clear up what happened.
Merkel acknowledged that, for a long time, few people imagined far-right terrorists could be behind the killings ? "that led instead to a search for clues in the mafia and drug scene, or even among the families of the victims."
"For years, some relatives themselves unfairly faced suspicion ? that is particularly oppressive," Merkel said. "I ask for forgiveness for that."
The neo-Nazi group's activities only came to light last November when two suspected founders, Uwe Boehnhardt and Uwe Mundlos, were found dead following an apparent murder-suicide as police closed in on them after a bank robbery, and a third alleged core member, Beate Zschaepe, turned herself in.
Police found the murdered policewoman's service weapon in a burning mobile home where the two bodies were found, then discovered a pistol used in the businessmen's killings at a burned-out apartment used by the group.
Investigators found copies of a propaganda video at the apartment, featuring pictures of the victims and a cartoon image of the Pink Panther standing next to a placard proclaiming "Germany Tour, 9th Turk Shot."
Merkel said she regularly has to view videos made by hostage-takers and the like, but "I have never yet in my work seen anything more inhuman."
Concern over far-right violence has flared periodically in Germany over the past two decades, but the country hasn't previously seen anything like the campaign of murder attributed to the National Socialist Underground.
"Reports about unscrupulous far-right perpetrators sometimes shake us, and they dominate the headlines for a few days," Merkel said. "But often enough we perceive such incidents as a side issue ? we forget quickly, much too quickly."
Thursday's event, which was followed by a minute of silence across Germany, was initiated by former President Christian Wulff. Merkel stepped in after he resigned last week in a corruption scandal.
Semiya Simsek ? the daughter of the first victim, florist Enver Simsek, who was shot in Nuremberg in 2000 ? sharply criticized how authorities initially handled the killings, and said her mother had been suspected at one point.
"For 11 years, we couldn't even be victims with a clean conscience," she said.
"There was always this load on our lives that perhaps someone from our family could be responsible for the death of my father," she added. "And there was the other suspicion too: my father a criminal, a drug dealer?"
AP - The U.N. nuclear agency acknowledged renewed failure Wednesday after a trip to probe suspicions of covert Iranian nuclear weapons work, in a statement issued just hours after an Iranian general warned of a pre-emptive strike against any foe threatening the country.
After leaving the bed in the morning we always start a new day taking some oaths, job schedule etc. then our mind is wholly fresh as the night sleep stores the energy level to go for the next day schedule. To start a new day we follow our daily routines usually. To get energy at first we normally drink tea or coffee. Drinking tea or coffee normally gives good start of the new day. You can have many branded items like Nescafe, Bru, Boresha International so on. Drinking of plenty of water is the most important factor. Before taking tea or coffee we should have at least two glasses of waters to clean our stomach. It also controls our body temperature. It is very effective and it helps to get rid of digestive disorder, acidity problem, clear latrine etc.
Taking tea or coffee is very important factor for them who need beverages to start up a new day. Taking some light and energetic meal we can prepare ourselves for yoga, some light or stretching exercise. The urban smarts mostly suffer from joint pain, mental stress, obesity and many other problems. Due to working desk job for long hour, fitness becomes crucial matter. They always try to come in shape. So spinning, aerobics, yoga, swimming, jogging at morning can be beneficial for everyone. Now modern type of dance like salsa has been a new choice for them. If you have money, sophisticated items for fitness are not a matter at all. We should try some handful exercises, which can be effective in a little time without expending or expending lesser amounts. Spinning gives good workout for hearts and muscles. If you have cycle regularly make it habit to keep fit your heart and lower portion of your body. Aerobics are fitness type of dance. It is fun work out. If you have group it can be enjoyed. Skipping is also good option. Yoga is undeniably impressive and effective exercise to keep away stresses, pains, improve digestion, sleeps etc. It has no alternative to have good balance all over the day. Swimming is another good option which gives effect whole body muscles. No other exercise needs if you swim at least half an hour. Besides these, you can go to gym or many fitness centers to avail physical training. It will involve money and time both. So it can not be possible for everyone to do this. In home the above mentioned are very good if you can find at least 30 minutes every morning.
Taking your favorite branded cup of tea or coffee of Boresha International , Nescafe, schedule your day being a fit person. Do not every item daily, it can be monotony. Do stress in any one solidly. Plant your fitness program and then monitor your progress. After the exercise, must have good healthy meal taking some time gaps. No need to eat any multinational branded noodles or processed food. Eat carbohydrate, protein in balanced way. Mind to body exercise and then a proper meal would really provide you all day back up to do your work properly.
Do you know what Coopetition is actually? If not, you?ll be aware soon since it truly is catching lots of traction in the marketing circles. So in case that you do not know the term, let?s start by defining coopetition. Wikipedia offers us this meaning: ?Coopetition or Co-opetition is really a neologism coined to spell it out cooperative competition. Co-opetition occurs when companies work together for parts of these business where they do not believe they have got competitive advantage, and where they believe they can share common costs. A good example is the cooperation between a couple automobile manufacturers: Peugeot and Toyota sharing components for any new European sleek and stylish car in 2005. However, companies will lower your expenses on shared charges, while remaining fiercely competitive in other locations.
For co-opetition to be effective, companies need in order to very clearly define where these are working together, and where they may be competing. ?Long-term business good results comes not exclusively from competing efficiently with other restaurants but by working with them to your benefit. Coopetition is portion competition and element cooperation. When restaurants get together, they can create synergies that permit them to be considerably more efficient than doing work alone. Restaurants can then compete collectively to determine who takes the greatest share of the prospects. restaurant voucher codes. A good situation for restaurant co-opetition is when there are several restaurants concentrated within a small area. If you look at this from a traditional business standpoint, it looks like this can be a bad idea. Why should anyone open a restaurant in a area already rich in restaurants? However, the truth is that all this specific abundance of eateries, attracts customers which may just demand area without any kind of specific restaurant in mind until they occur and make his or her decision over right now there.
This is the location where the competition starts. The restaurants with the best ambiance, or the best sounding menu, or the very best quality/price or interesting enough, with probably the most people usually bring by far the most customers? Of study course, there are several examples of coopetition similar to: ? Food courts: All the eateries are together with places like shops, etc. sharing kitchen tables, trays, cleaning companies, etc. Again, all of them bring customers to the same spot (cooperation) after which it compete for the business (competition). ? Advertising and marketing: sometimes restaurants group to build a food magazine or possibly a restaurant flier where they each pay and add (both with money and with content) to the publication. ? Particular food events:
Sometimes several eating places organize food events where each of them contribute with foodstuff or food stalls. Due to participation of quite a few restaurants, many people show up at these events (there may be usually music involved and quite often many other activities as well). ? For example. As you is able to see, these are some of the possibilities for coopetition. On the other hand, there are various other intriguing ideas that you consider. Here there is a few to look at: ? Cross-Promotion with restaurants that provide different food when compared with yours. Often you never compete directly with other forms of restaurants.
X-rays illuminate the interior of the MoonPublic release date: 19-Feb-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Claus Habfast claus.habfast@esrf.fr 33-476-882-128 European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Deep lunar magma is too heavy to produce active volcanoes
Contrary to Earth, our Moon has no active volcanoes, and the traces of its past volcanic activity date from billions of years ago. This is surprising, because recent Moonquake data suggest that there is plenty of liquid magma deep within the Moon because part of the rocks residing there are thought to be molten. Scientists have now identified a likely reason for this peaceful surface life: the hot, molten rock in the Moon's deep interior could be so dense that it is simply too heavy to rise to the surface like a bubble in water. For their experiments, the scientists produced microscopic copies of moon rock collected by the Apollo missions and melted them at the extremely high pressures and temperatures found inside the Moon. They then measured their densities with powerful X-rays. The results are published in the Journal Nature Geosciences on 19 February 2012.
The team was led by Mirjam van Kan Parker and Wim van Westrenen from VU University Amsterdam and comprised scientists from the Universities of Paris 6/CNRS, Lyon 1/CNRS, Edinburgh, and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble.
Five decades after the Apollo missions, the formation and geological history of the Moon still hold many secrets. The astronauts not only returned 380 kg of Moon rocks to Earth but also placed many scientific instruments on the lunar surface. Last year, NASA scientists published a new model for the make-up of the interior of the Moon, using Moonquake data from these Apollo-era seismometers. Renee Weber and her colleagues claim that the deepest parts of the lunar mantle, bordering on the small metallic core, are partially molten, by up to 30 per cent. In the Earth, such bodies of magma tend to move towards the surface leading to volcanic eruptions. If the deep interior of the Moon contains so much magma, why don't we see spectacular volcanic eruptions at its surface?
The driving force for vertical movement of magma is the density difference between the magma and the surrounding solid material, making the liquid magma move slowly upwards like a bubble. The lighter the liquid magma is, the more violent the upward movement will be.
To determine the density of lunar magma, Wim van Westrenen and his colleagues synthesised moon rock in their laboratory in Amsterdam, using the composition derived from Apollo samples as their "recipe". The pressures and temperatures close to the core of the Moon are more than 45,000 bar and about 1500 degrees. It is possible to generate these extreme conditions with small samples, heating them with a high electric current while squashing them in a press. By measuring the attenuation of a powerful synchrotron X-ray beam at the ESRF traversing the sample both solid and molten, the density at high pressure and high temperature could be measured. "We had to use the most brilliant X-ray beam in the world for this experiment because the magma sample is so tiny and confined in a massive, highly absorbing container. Without a bright beam of X-rays, you cannot measure these density variations", says Mohamed Mezouar from the ESRF.
The measurements at the ESRF were combined with computer simulations to calculate the magma density at any location in the Moon.
Nearly all the lunar magmas were found to be less dense than their solid surroundings, similar to the situation on Earth. There is one important exception: small droplets of titanium-rich glass first found in Apollo 14 mission samples produce liquid magma as dense as the rocks found in the deepest parts of the lunar mantle today. This magma would not move towards the surface.
Such titanium-rich magma can only be formed by melting titanium rich solid rocks. Previous experiments have shown that such rocks were formed soon after the formation of the Moon at shallow levels, close to the surface. How did they get deep into the mantle? The scientists conclude that large vertical movements must have occurred early in the history of the Moon, during which titanium-rich rocks descended from near the surface all the way to the core-mantle boundary. "After descending, magma formed from these near-surface rocks, very rich in titanium, and accumulated at the bottom of the mantle a bit like an upside-down volcano. Today, the Moon is still cooling down, as are the melts in its interior. In the distant future, the cooler and therefore solidifying melt will change in composition, likely making it less dense than its surroundings. This lighter magma could make its way again up to the surface forming an active volcano on the Moon what a sight that would be! but for the time being, this is just a hypothesis to stimulate more experiments", concludes Wim van Westrenen.
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X-rays illuminate the interior of the MoonPublic release date: 19-Feb-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Claus Habfast claus.habfast@esrf.fr 33-476-882-128 European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Deep lunar magma is too heavy to produce active volcanoes
Contrary to Earth, our Moon has no active volcanoes, and the traces of its past volcanic activity date from billions of years ago. This is surprising, because recent Moonquake data suggest that there is plenty of liquid magma deep within the Moon because part of the rocks residing there are thought to be molten. Scientists have now identified a likely reason for this peaceful surface life: the hot, molten rock in the Moon's deep interior could be so dense that it is simply too heavy to rise to the surface like a bubble in water. For their experiments, the scientists produced microscopic copies of moon rock collected by the Apollo missions and melted them at the extremely high pressures and temperatures found inside the Moon. They then measured their densities with powerful X-rays. The results are published in the Journal Nature Geosciences on 19 February 2012.
The team was led by Mirjam van Kan Parker and Wim van Westrenen from VU University Amsterdam and comprised scientists from the Universities of Paris 6/CNRS, Lyon 1/CNRS, Edinburgh, and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble.
Five decades after the Apollo missions, the formation and geological history of the Moon still hold many secrets. The astronauts not only returned 380 kg of Moon rocks to Earth but also placed many scientific instruments on the lunar surface. Last year, NASA scientists published a new model for the make-up of the interior of the Moon, using Moonquake data from these Apollo-era seismometers. Renee Weber and her colleagues claim that the deepest parts of the lunar mantle, bordering on the small metallic core, are partially molten, by up to 30 per cent. In the Earth, such bodies of magma tend to move towards the surface leading to volcanic eruptions. If the deep interior of the Moon contains so much magma, why don't we see spectacular volcanic eruptions at its surface?
The driving force for vertical movement of magma is the density difference between the magma and the surrounding solid material, making the liquid magma move slowly upwards like a bubble. The lighter the liquid magma is, the more violent the upward movement will be.
To determine the density of lunar magma, Wim van Westrenen and his colleagues synthesised moon rock in their laboratory in Amsterdam, using the composition derived from Apollo samples as their "recipe". The pressures and temperatures close to the core of the Moon are more than 45,000 bar and about 1500 degrees. It is possible to generate these extreme conditions with small samples, heating them with a high electric current while squashing them in a press. By measuring the attenuation of a powerful synchrotron X-ray beam at the ESRF traversing the sample both solid and molten, the density at high pressure and high temperature could be measured. "We had to use the most brilliant X-ray beam in the world for this experiment because the magma sample is so tiny and confined in a massive, highly absorbing container. Without a bright beam of X-rays, you cannot measure these density variations", says Mohamed Mezouar from the ESRF.
The measurements at the ESRF were combined with computer simulations to calculate the magma density at any location in the Moon.
Nearly all the lunar magmas were found to be less dense than their solid surroundings, similar to the situation on Earth. There is one important exception: small droplets of titanium-rich glass first found in Apollo 14 mission samples produce liquid magma as dense as the rocks found in the deepest parts of the lunar mantle today. This magma would not move towards the surface.
Such titanium-rich magma can only be formed by melting titanium rich solid rocks. Previous experiments have shown that such rocks were formed soon after the formation of the Moon at shallow levels, close to the surface. How did they get deep into the mantle? The scientists conclude that large vertical movements must have occurred early in the history of the Moon, during which titanium-rich rocks descended from near the surface all the way to the core-mantle boundary. "After descending, magma formed from these near-surface rocks, very rich in titanium, and accumulated at the bottom of the mantle a bit like an upside-down volcano. Today, the Moon is still cooling down, as are the melts in its interior. In the distant future, the cooler and therefore solidifying melt will change in composition, likely making it less dense than its surroundings. This lighter magma could make its way again up to the surface forming an active volcano on the Moon what a sight that would be! but for the time being, this is just a hypothesis to stimulate more experiments", concludes Wim van Westrenen.
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AP - A European Union official says some euro countries are pushing for Greece to funnel government revenue into a separately managed account dedicated to servicing the country's debts — an unprecedented intrusion into a sovereign country's fiscal affairs.
Suddenly, manufacturing is back -- at least on the election trail. But don't be fooled. The real issue isn't how to get manufacturing back. It's how to get good jobs and good wages back. They aren't at all the same thing.
Republicans have become born-again champions of American manufacturing. This may have something to do with crucial primaries occurring next week in Michigan and the following week in Ohio, both of them former arsenals of American manufacturing.
Mitt Romney says he'll "work to bring manufacturing back" to America by being tough on China, which he describes as "stealing jobs" by keeping value of its currency artificially low and thereby making its exports cheaper.
Rick Santorum promises to "fight for American manufacturing" by eliminating corporate income taxes on manufacturers and allowing corporations to bring their foreign profits back to American tax free as long as they use the money to build new factories.
President Obama has also been pushing a manufacturing agenda. Last month the president unveiled a six-point plan to eliminate tax incentives for companies to move offshore and create new lures for them to bring jobs home. "Our goal," he says, is to "create opportunities for hard-working Americans to start making stuff again."
Meanwhile, American consumers' pent-up demand for appliances, cars, and trucks have created a small boomlet in American manufacturing -- setting off a wave of hope, mixed with nostalgic patriotism, that American manufacturing could be coming back. Clint Eastwood's Super Bowl "Halftime in America" hit the mood exactly.
But American manufacturing won't be coming back. Although 404,000 manufacturing jobs have been added since January 2010, that still leaves us with 5.5 million fewer factory jobs today than in July 2000 -- and 12 million fewer than in 1990. The long-term trend is fewer and fewer factory jobs.
Even if we didn't have to compete with lower-wage workers overseas, we'd still have fewer factory jobs because the old assembly line has been replaced by numerically-controlled machine tools and robotics. Manufacturing is going high-tech.
Bringing back American manufacturing isn't the real challenge, anyway. It's creating good jobs for the majority of Americans who lack four-year college degrees.
Manufacturing used to supply lots of these kind of jobs, but that was only because factory workers were represented by unions powerful enough to get high wages.
That's no longer the case. Even the once-mighty United Auto Workers has been forced to accept pay packages for new hires at the Big Three that provide half what new hires got a decade ago. At $14 an hour, new auto workers earn about the same as most of America's service-sector workers.
GM just announced record profits but its new workers won't be getting much of a share.
In the 1950s, more than a third of American workers were represented by a union. Now, fewer than 7 percent of private-sector workers have a union behind them. If there's a single reason why the median wage has dropped dramatically for non-college workers over the past three and a half decades, it's the decline of unions.
How do the candidates stand on unions? Mitt Romney has done nothing but bash them. He vows to pass so-called "right to work" legislation barring job requirements of union membership and payment of union dues. "I've taken on union bosses before," he says, "and I'm happy to take them on again." When Romney's not blaming China for American manufacturers' competitive problems he blames high union wages. Romney accuses the president of "stacking" the National Labor Relations Board with "union stooges."
Rick Santorum says he's supportive of private-sector unions. While in the Senate he voted against a national right to work law (Romney is now attacking him on this) but Santorum isn't interested in strengthening unions, and he doesn't like them in the public sector.
President Obama praises "unionized plants" -- such as Master Lock, the Milwaukee maker of padlocks he visited last week, which brought back one hundred jobs from China. But the president has not promised that if reelected he'd push for the Employee Free Choice Act, which would make it easier for workers to organize a union. He had supported it in the 2008 election but never moved the legislation once elected.
The president has also been noticeably silent on the labor struggles that have been roiling the Midwest -- from Wisconsin's assault on the bargaining rights of public employees, through Indiana's recently-enacted right to work law -- the first in the rust belt.
The fact is, American corporations -- both manufacturing and services -- are doing wonderfully well. Their third quarter profits totaled $2 trillion. That's 19 percent higher than the pre-recession peak five years ago.
But American workers aren't sharing in this bounty. Although jobs are slowly returning, wages continue to drop, adjusted for inflation.
The fundamental problem isn't the decline of American manufacturing, and reviving manufacturing won't solve it. The problem is the declining power of American workers to share in the gains of the American economy.
Robert Reich is the author of "http://www.amazon.com/Aftershock-Next-Economy-Americas-Future/dp/0307592812" target="_hplink">Aftershock: The Next Economy and America's Future, now in bookstores. This post originally appeared at RobertReich.org.
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Most customized projects look impressive in any home but they also come with a fancy price tag. As with most contracted projects it ends up being the labor instead of the materials you pay dearly for.
Combined with unpredictable time frames and exorbitant labor cost many homeowners are choosing do it yourself home improvements. A sliding door system is a practical and inexpensive option to spruce up your home.
They are constructed in such a fashion that they allocate the ultimate use of space in any room of your house. Depending on your home improvement budget you can either hire a professional for the installation of your interior sliding door systems or realize a savings you can put towards other projects by doing the work yourself with an interior door replacement kit.
Your first step in doing the work on your own would be to measure the existing closet doors. You might also take digital photographs as a comparison in order to standardize the sliding door system you are replacing in the rooms you are updating. The key to any smooth installation is having the right tools for the job. So before beginning any home improvement do it yourself project, figure into your budget acquiring the right tools for the job.
Any door system replacement kit whether it is for a closet door or exterior sliding door systems for patio doors will come with a step by step instructional pamphlet with installation instructions. One of your major concerns when replacing exterior or interior sliding doors is that they complement your present patio ornamentation or bedroom decor. The hardware that comes with a sliding door system or if you choose substitutes will determines the success of the project.
You can purchase these doors in both finished and unfinished condition. Complete your measurements to make sure the new doors match with the size of the old doors otherwise you will have to make another trip to the home improvement center. This could also result in more work than you anticipated if you need to refit the new doors.Unfinished doors will require a coat of lacquer or paint before being hung. It can be quite a daunting task so you may want to hire a professional to complete that step for you or choose a matching finish as the starting point.
Commercial sliding doors systems are also used extensively in business offices to provide a new look to the decor. They are manufactured with retractable design panels constructed with screen systems for the sliding glass. The panels are made to move either up or down or in a sideways configuration and can be found in a variety of accents and colors.
Replacement kits and door repair kits are very economical and easy to purchase for any sliding door system. When you modify your old doors with a brand new design you open up the creative potential throughout room. You gain much needed floor space in addition to displaying your skills as a decorator.
As mentioned previously it is a remodel you can do yourself. Simply remove the old doors by lifting them from their tracks. If you experience any difficulty tug gently while holding down the small lever that holds the door in place.
Any other concerns can be addressed with your local sliding door company. There you will find skilled professionals that can assist you with your project. Any issues with an existing new sliding door unit can be addressed with the company where they were bought. Check your warranty before consulting the manufacturer.
When you replace your old doors with new sliding doors make sure they are measured to the old track lengthwise. You want them to be the same in comparison however if it measures larger you can cut down the new track with a hacksaw. Mount the door brackets in the exact location of the old one.
Tighten any screws that need tightening. Your instructional manual will show you how to mount the rollers correctly on the upper sides of the doors. If you purchase doors with mounted rollers that will save you one extra step.
Once all the parts are in place you are ready to place your new sliding doors on their tracks. You have completed a home improvement project at half the cost and realized all the benefits you would have gotten if you hired a professional.
Homeowners are enjoying the endless benefits of a sliding door system in the home. Read more about them and the versatility of mirrored sliding doors by visiting our comprehensive website that will help you select the right doors for your remodeling projects.
This is my first video, about one of my favourite film! I hope you?ll like it! Please comment:)! Music:Avril Lavigne:I?m with you
Tags: before, Consider, Criteria, DoItYourself, Door, Home, Improvement, Project, Should, Sliding, Starting, Success, System Posted in Sliding Doors | Comments Off
A seasoned Los Angeles accident lawyer who is used to coping with ATV related issues has irrefutably represented countless victims. This is generally on the grounds of either the failure of others, bad automobile design or faulty auto parts. These are the three main trouble spots for all ATV owners and need to be addressed differently. However no matter what the reason, when an accident does happen, it usually ends in grave injury or even fatality.
Since the arrival of the first ATV (the 3 wheeled ATC90 by Honda) in 1969, they are now used throughout the country extensively for play and work. However even though they are considered a ?plaything ? by some, it is easy to forget that a number of these are extremely powerful machines and the sports versions are engineered to be highly fast and have the facility to do 0-60 in no more than 5 seconds and can travel well higher than 75 mph.
During the past 5 years it's been estimated that serious accidents concerning All Terrain Vehicles have gradually risen by about 5000 a year to around 172,000 injuries and unfortunately , one third of all ATV related fatalities happen to be children younger than the age of 16. Roughly six hundred deaths happen every year due to ATV?s.
So why do they occur?
Vehicle roll over
A Los Angeles accident lawyer who focuses on ATV related accidents states that one of the primary reasons for death is a vehicle roll over. Even though the cars are designed to be safer on four wheels, the uneven terrain that the ATV?s tend to travel on makes them subject to roll overs. Even though some are installed with roll bars, crush wounds remain common.
Age/lack of experience
California has some of the strictest ATV laws in the country and you do have to be eighteen and over to operate an ATV on public land. Or or youngsters below the age of fourteen have to be supervised at all times and one or both parties must be in possession of an ATV safety certificate. However that doesn't cover driving on personal land and as a consequence some kids as young as nine and ten have been killed from driving these cars. Obviously at that age they lack the experience necessary to drive a forceful car. Even a tiny 50cc ATV is strong enough to go at speed and therefore to cause damage.
What are common reasons why roll over accidents occur? How a Los Angeles auto accident attorney will help you. Is he the best accident attorney for you? Read on the article of Asther McEachern about this subject.
It keeps growing. More downloads, more hard-to-comprehend milestones. This time, Apple's gearing up to hit its 25 billionth app download and it's got another $10,000 prize for the lucky soul that claims that very app. The App Store doubled its download count in the last year -- and then some -- so it's got good reason to be in a celebratory mood. To enter, you can either go grab yourself an app or enter via the prize form below. $10,000 for a random download? Count us in.
(3BL Media / theCSRfeed) February 16, 2012 -?Owning a small business in today?s economy requires perseverance, savvy and optimism ? with guidance from a trusted source an added plus. This is especially true for women, who are underrepresented among small business owners.?To provide such guidance, Sanofi US and several other corporations have been participating in the 2011 Corporate Supplier Diversity Mentoring Initiative with the New Jersey Association of Women Business Owners.
The program benefits both women small business owners and the companies: It is designed to advance the development of women-owned businesses and introduce companies to these female entrepreneurs, increasing their business diversity. In January, after a half-dozen formal mentoring sessions and upon conclusion of the pilot, Sanofi US hosted a wrap-up meeting at 55 Corporate Drive for all the participants. ? Each participating company hosted a mentoring session, during which the women who were mentored practiced 30-second elevator pitches (brief presentations about themselves and their business), received training on business and supply chain-related topics and attended information sessions about the host company. ? ?This program provided women small business owners an opportunity to network with each other and to interact with Sanofi US and the other corporate participants,? says Kathleen Castore, Manager, Corporate Initiatives, who served as the mentor during the program.? ?It also provided them with leadership training, business education and Request for Proposal (RFP) response training.? ? Among the reasons for our involvement in the mentoring program were to gain a more diverse supply chain and possibly do business with a mentoree?s company, as well as to promote innovation and entrepreneurship among the women small business owners. ?We have had a great opportunity to mentor and work with some dynamic, diverse, innovative, professional and creative women through this process.? Developing and increasing their skills and capacity will lead to future women-owned suppliers we may be able to incorporate into our supply chain,? says Kathleen.? ? The Final Training Meeting at 55 Corporate Drive During the mentoring program?s last meeting, Christophe Cailleaud, Vice President, Head of North America Procurement, welcomed the group with opening remarks.? He followed up with an informal discussion on how Sanofi US can further understand and assist small women-owned businesses in the challenges they face, particularly in navigating a large corporation?s stringent strategic sourcing process. ? Christophe also confirmed the company?s continued support for the New Jersey Association of Women Business Owners and the mentoring initiative. ?Considering the ups and downs of the economy, fast-paced changes in technology and the unique challenges women business owners face today, our mission to encourage women's economic independence through business ownership is more important than ever before,? he said. ? SANO21060
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Public release date: 19-Feb-2012
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